{"id":5427,"date":"2015-09-27T12:15:51","date_gmt":"2015-09-27T11:15:51","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/duncanshelley.com\/?p=5427"},"modified":"2015-09-27T12:15:51","modified_gmt":"2015-09-27T11:15:51","slug":"tarsadalmi-eletciklusok","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/duncanshelley.com\/en\/tarsadalmi-eletciklusok\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u00e1rsadalmi \u00e9letciklusok"},"content":{"rendered":"

Mott\u00f3: \u201e<\/em>Amikor az embert nem fenyegeti minden ir\u00e1nyb\u00f3l er\u0151szak, amikor nem hazudnak neki mindenr\u0151l, amikor nem zavarj\u00e1k \u00f6ssze l\u00e9pten-nyomon, amikor nem k\u00e9nyszer\u00edtik m\u00f3kusker\u00e9kbe \u2013 vagyis term\u00e9szetes \u00e1llapot\u00e1ban, term\u00e9szetes \u00e9l\u0151k\u00f6zeg\u00e9ben, NEM egy becstelen f\u00e9reg, aki nem \u00e9rdemli meg az \u00e9letet!\u201d<\/em> (Julius Andan, Az igazs\u00e1g napja)<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

1989-ben Francis Fukuyama meg\u00edrta a T\u00f6rt\u00e9nelem v\u00e9ge<\/em> c\u00edm\u0171 essz\u00e9j\u00e9t, melyet k\u00e9s\u0151bb k\u00f6nyvv\u00e9 b\u0151v\u00edtett. Azt j\u00f3solta, hogy a hidegh\u00e1bor\u00fa v\u00e9g\u00e9vel az \u00f6r\u00f6k b\u00e9ke k\u00f6sz\u00f6nt az emberis\u00e9gre, nem lesz t\u00f6bb h\u00e1bor\u00fa, hiszen a politikai szemben\u00e1ll\u00e1s megsz\u0171nt.<\/p>\n

Samuel P. Huntington 1993-ban, mintegy v\u00e1laszul, amolyan kritikak\u00e9nt meg\u00edrta a Civiliz\u00e1ci\u00f3k \u00f6sszecsap\u00e1sa<\/em> c\u00edm\u0171 cikk\u00e9t, melyet k\u00e9s\u0151bb \u0151 is k\u00f6nyvv\u00e9 b\u0151v\u00edtett, \u00e9s amelyben azt j\u00f3solja, hogy a kommunista blokk felboml\u00e1s\u00e1val a kult\u00far\u00e1k, a vall\u00e1sok, a civiliz\u00e1ci\u00f3k fognak h\u00e1bor\u00fazni egym\u00e1ssal.<\/p>\n

Fukuyama el\u0151rejelz\u00e9se nem j\u00f6tt be, Huntington\u00e9 a jelen kor forgat\u00f3k\u00f6nyve.<\/p>\n

A t\u00f6rt\u00e9nelem elemz\u0151i<\/h2>\n

Paul Kennedy, angol t\u00f6rt\u00e9n\u00e9sz, 1987-ben megjelent, a Nagyhatalmak t\u00fcnd\u00f6kl\u00e9se \u00e9s buk\u00e1sa<\/em> c\u00edm\u0171 k\u00f6nyv\u00e9ben \u00f6tsz\u00e1z \u00e9vet elemez, 1500-t\u00f3l 2000-ig. Gazdas\u00e1gi v\u00e1ltoz\u00e1sokat \u00e9s katonai konfliktusokat analiz\u00e1lva arra keresi a v\u00e1laszt, hogy mi\u00e9rt emelkedtek fel \u00e9s hanyatlottak le birodalmak a t\u00f6rt\u00e9nelem sor\u00e1n.<\/p>\n

Arnold J. Toynbee 1934 \u00e9s 1961 k\u00f6z\u00f6tt \u00edrta tizenk\u00e9t k\u00f6tetes, Tanulm\u00e1nyok a t\u00f6rt\u00e9nelemr\u0151l<\/em> c\u00edm\u0171, monument\u00e1lis m\u0171v\u00e9t, melyben azt elemezte, hogy a civiliz\u00e1ci\u00f3k hogyan fejl\u0151dtek, milyen ciklusokon mentek kereszt\u00fcl a t\u00f6rt\u00e9nelem folyam\u00e1n.<\/p>\n

Oswald Spengler 1918-ban adta ki a Nyugat alkonya c\u00edm\u0171 \u00e9rtekez\u00e9s\u00e9t, melyben a birodalmak \u00e9letciklus\u00e1r\u00f3l \u00edrt. A n\u00e1ci vezet\u00e9s isten\u00edtette, \u0151 volt az egyetlen, akinek megengedt\u00e9k, hogy kritiz\u00e1lja a rendszert, mert minden\u00e1ron meg akart\u00e1k nyerni ideol\u00f3gusnak. Spengler nem \u00e1llt k\u00f6t\u00e9lnek, majd 1936-ban v\u00e1ratlanul elhunyt sz\u00edvel\u00e9gtelens\u00e9gben\u2026<\/p>\n

Az eml\u00edtett k\u00f6nyvek mindegyike bestseller volt a saj\u00e1t idej\u00e9ben, \u00e9s a mai napig \u00f3ri\u00e1si jelent\u0151s\u00e9g\u0171 munk\u00e1knak tartj\u00e1k \u0151ket. \u00cdr\u00f3ikat nagyra becs\u00fclik, m\u00e9g Fukuyam\u00e1t is, akinek j\u00f3slata ugyan nem j\u00f6tt be, \u00e1m megfogalmazta a t\u00f6megek v\u00e1gy\u00e1t \u00e9s rem\u00e9ny\u00e9t.<\/p>\n

A probl\u00e9ma<\/h2>\n

Csak a felsz\u00ednesen gondolkod\u00f3k \u00e1ll\u00edtj\u00e1k, hogy az \u00e9letciklusokat k\u00fcls\u0151 t\u00f6rv\u00e9nyszer\u0171s\u00e9gek szab\u00e1lyozz\u00e1k, melyek nem f\u00fcggnek semmit\u0151l, \u00e9s egy t\u00e1rsadalom id\u0151vel akkor is sz\u00e9thullik, ha mindent j\u00f3l csin\u00e1lnak a vezet\u0151i. Ez a gondolkod\u00e1s miszt\u00e9riumm\u00e1 emeli (vagy ink\u00e1bb degrad\u00e1lja) a probl\u00e9m\u00e1t, \u00e9s megold\u00e1s helyett, csak belet\u00f6r\u0151d\u00e9shez vezet.<\/p>\n

A felsorolt szerz\u0151k mindegyike ugyanott kereste a v\u00e1laszokat: az emberben.<\/p>\n

T\u00falk\u00f6ltekez\u00e9s, ar\u00e1nytalan eloszt\u00e1s, fontos ter\u00fcletek elsorvaszt\u00e1sa, kev\u00e9sb\u00e9 fontos ter\u00fcletek t\u00falfejleszt\u00e9se, technol\u00f3giai ar\u00e1nytalans\u00e1gok (p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul a haditechnika fejletts\u00e9ge szemben az orvostudom\u00e1ny\u00e9val), strat\u00e9gia n\u00e9lk\u00fcli vezet\u0151i d\u00f6nt\u00e9sek, \u00e9s \u00edgy tov\u00e1bb.<\/p>\n

Oswald Spengler arra jutott, hogy valamennyi kult\u00far\u00e1nak van egy \u0151s-szimb\u00f3luma, amely meghat\u00e1rozza a kult\u00fara szellemis\u00e9g\u00e9nek l\u00e9nyeg\u00e9t. Ez az \u0151s-szimb\u00f3lum a magja a kult\u00fara teljes fel\u00e9p\u00edtm\u00e9ny\u00e9nek, ez a cs\u00edra, melyb\u0151l minden m\u00e1s kisarjad. Kezdetben ez a mag egy vall\u00e1sjelleg\u0171 kult\u00far\u00e1t hoz l\u00e9tre, amely id\u0151vel kimer\u00fcl, elveszik bel\u0151le az ezoterikus t\u00f6ltet, bel\u00e9p a hideg racionalizmus, \u00e9s v\u00e9g\u00fcl ez vezet a pusztul\u00e1shoz. Hogy mi\u00e9rt? Mert a racionalizmus ugyan kedvez a fejl\u0151d\u00e9snek, de nincs benne \u00f6sszetart\u00f3 er\u0151.<\/p>\n

Spengler szerint a nyugati kult\u00fara \u0151s-szimb\u00f3luma a v\u00e9gtelen t\u00e9r, \u00e9s a nyugat v\u00e1ls\u00e1g\u00e1t az okozza, hogy kiveszett bel\u0151le a vall\u00e1si jelleg, \u00e9s a racionalizmus nem tud mit kezdeni a v\u00e9gtelennel.<\/p>\n

Spengler fausti kulturak\u00e9nt hivatkozott a nyugati kult\u00far\u00e1ra.<\/p>\n

Nevezz\u00fck meg az okot<\/h2>\n

Minden birodalom valamilyen eszm\u00e9re, filoz\u00f3fi\u00e1ra, \u00e9rt\u00e9krendre \u00e9p\u00fclt. Ezek tal\u00e1n soha nem voltak igazak, soha nem voltak m\u0171k\u00f6d\u0151k\u00e9pesek, de tal\u00e1n azok voltak egykor, \u00e1m azok az id\u0151k m\u00e1r elm\u00faltak, a k\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00e9nyek megv\u00e1ltoztak.<\/p>\n

Lehets\u00e9ges, hogy egy r\u00e9g\u00f3ta fenn\u00e1ll\u00f3 t\u00e1rsadalom szellemi alapjai sohasem voltak igazak vagy helyesek, m\u00e9gis fennmaradt, \u00e9s emiatt azt hihetn\u00e9nk, hogy valami igazs\u00e1g volt abban, amire \u00e9p\u00edtkeztek. Meg kell vizsg\u00e1lnunk, hogy hogyan maradtak fenn. Mit tettek? Mi volt a m\u00f3dszer?<\/p>\n

Ha egy vil\u00e1gban, vagy r\u00e9gi\u00f3ban csupa \u00f6nell\u00e1t\u00f3 t\u00e1rsadalom l\u00e9tezik, melyek az alkot\u00e1sra, termel\u00e9sre, stabilit\u00e1sra t\u00f6rekszenek, egy \u00faj, ezekkel nem t\u00f6r\u0151d\u0151, csak az agresszi\u00f3ra \u00e9p\u00edt\u0151 szervez\u0151d\u00e9s az eg\u00e9sz ter\u00fcletet ellen\u0151rz\u00e9se al\u00e1 vonhatja \u2013 majd elpuszt\u00edt mindent, saj\u00e1t mag\u00e1val egy\u00fctt, mivel az \u00e9l\u0151sk\u00f6d\u00e9sen k\u00edv\u00fcl m\u00e1sra nem k\u00e9pes, \u00e9s csak \u00fagy marad fenn, hogy kifoszt \u00e9s elvesz.<\/p>\n

Egy er\u0151szakos, parazita t\u00e1rsadalom viszonylag hossz\u00fa id\u0151n \u00e1t fennmaradhat, ha van mit kifosztania, ha van kit\u0151l, van mib\u0151l elvennie. Ha elfogy, vagy olyan er\u0151be \u00fctk\u00f6zik, amivel nem b\u00edr el, akkor v\u00e9ge.<\/p>\n

Egy t\u00e1rsadalom alapj\u00e1t k\u00e9pez\u0151 eszmerendszernek eleve r\u00e9sz\u00e9t k\u00e9pezhetik azok a t\u00e9telek, melyek megalapozz\u00e1k a k\u00e9s\u0151bbi pusztul\u00e1s\u00e1t. Ezek a t\u00e9telek nagyon hossz\u00fa id\u0151n \u00e1t helyesnek \u00e9s m\u0171k\u00f6d\u0151k\u00e9pesnek bizonyulhatnak, \u00e1m val\u00f3j\u00e1ban egyfolyt\u00e1ban probl\u00e9m\u00e1kat halmoznak fel, melyek egy hat\u00e1ron t\u00fal akkor\u00e1ra dagadnak, hogy m\u00e1r nem lehet azt kezelni, \u00e9s elmossa az eg\u00e9sz t\u00e1rsadalmat.<\/p>\n

Ha egy kicsit provokat\u00edv akarok lenni, csak gondoljuk \u00e1t, hogy a szemet szem\u00e9rt elv mit eredm\u00e9nyezett hossz\u00fat\u00e1von, \u00e9s mennyi probl\u00e9m\u00e1t halmozott fel.<\/p>\n

A megold\u00e1s fel\u00e9<\/h2>\n

Mi a megold\u00e1s a t\u00e1rsadalmak \u00e9letciklus\u00e1ra?<\/p>\n

El kell vetni a hagyom\u00e1nytiszteletet, mert az csak arra j\u00f3, hogy a m\u00faltba tartson, a m\u00falthoz l\u00e1ncoljon.<\/p>\n

\u00c9ltek el\u0151tt\u00fcnk olyan emberek, akik roppant okosak \u00e9s b\u00f6lcsek voltak, nagy igazs\u00e1gokat fedeztek fel, ezeket ki kell v\u00e1logatni, megfelel\u0151en \u00e9rtelmezni, \u00e9s be\u00e9p\u00edteni a gondolkod\u00e1sunkba, amely a val\u00f3s k\u00f6rnyezeti kih\u00edv\u00e1sokra reflekt\u00e1l, \u00e9s minden m\u00e1st el kell dobni.<\/p>\n

A t\u00e1rsadalmak alapj\u00e1t k\u00e9pez\u0151 eszmerendszereket folyamatosan fel\u00fcl kell vizsg\u00e1lni, fel kell friss\u00edteni, \u00e9s ami nem v\u00e1lt be, azt ki kell onnan haj\u00edtani.<\/p>\n

A mi szem\u00e9lyes \u00e9let\u00fcnket is ez v\u00e1ltja meg, \u00e9s a t\u00e1rsadalmak \u00e9letciklus\u00e1ba is ez hoz v\u00e1ltoz\u00e1st.<\/p>\n

A m\u00falt elm\u00falt, a hagyom\u00e1nytisztelet hozz\u00e1l\u00e1ncol valamihez, ami m\u00e1r nem is l\u00e9tezik.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Mott\u00f3: \u201eAmikor az embert nem fenyegeti minden ir\u00e1nyb\u00f3l er\u0151szak, amikor nem hazudnak neki mindenr\u0151l, amikor nem zavarj\u00e1k \u00f6ssze l\u00e9pten-nyomon, amikor Tov\u00e1bb »<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":6388,"featured_media":5428,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_genesis_hide_title":false,"_genesis_hide_breadcrumbs":false,"_genesis_hide_singular_image":false,"_genesis_hide_footer_widgets":false,"_genesis_custom_body_class":"","_genesis_custom_post_class":"","_genesis_layout":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[73],"tags":[100,136,144,148],"class_list":{"0":"post-5427","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-a_vilag","8":"tag-emberiseg","9":"tag-politika","10":"tag-tarsadalom","11":"tag-tortenelem","12":"entry"},"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nT\u00e1rsadalmi \u00e9letciklusok - Duncan Shelley K\u00f6nyvesbolt<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/duncanshelley.com\/en\/tarsadalmi-eletciklusok\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"T\u00e1rsadalmi \u00e9letciklusok\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Mott\u00f3: \u201eAmikor az embert nem fenyegeti minden ir\u00e1nyb\u00f3l er\u0151szak, amikor nem hazudnak neki mindenr\u0151l, amikor nem zavarj\u00e1k \u00f6ssze l\u00e9pten-nyomon, amikor Tov\u00e1bb »\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/duncanshelley.com\/en\/tarsadalmi-eletciklusok\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Duncan Shelley K\u00f6nyvesbolt\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2015-09-27T11:15:51+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Duncan Shelley\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Duncan Shelley\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"6 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/duncanshelley.com\\\/tarsadalmi-eletciklusok\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/duncanshelley.com\\\/tarsadalmi-eletciklusok\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Duncan Shelley\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/duncanshelley.com\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/e619b6f3bc0443e64d70045bf15c5d3a\"},\"headline\":\"T\u00e1rsadalmi \u00e9letciklusok\",\"datePublished\":\"2015-09-27T11:15:51+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/duncanshelley.com\\\/tarsadalmi-eletciklusok\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":1222,\"commentCount\":4,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/duncanshelley.com\\\/tarsadalmi-eletciklusok\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/duncanshelley.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/mulka-ruins-1-scaled.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"emberis\u00e9g\",\"politika\",\"t\u00e1rsadalom\",\"t\u00f6rt\u00e9nelem\"],\"articleSection\":[\"A vil\u00e1g\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/duncanshelley.com\\\/tarsadalmi-eletciklusok\\\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/duncanshelley.com\\\/tarsadalmi-eletciklusok\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/duncanshelley.com\\\/tarsadalmi-eletciklusok\\\/\",\"name\":\"T\u00e1rsadalmi \u00e9letciklusok - 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